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Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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List of contributors
- Edited by Kjell Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roger Bergström, The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Patrick Duncan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, John Pastor, University of Minnesota, Duluth
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- Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation
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- 16 November 2009
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- 25 May 2006, pp xii-xiv
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Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation
- Edited by Kjell Danell, Roger Bergström, Patrick Duncan, John Pastor
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- Published online:
- 16 November 2009
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- 25 May 2006
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Most large herbivores require some type of management within their habitats. Some populations of large herbivores are at the brink of extinction, some are under discussion for reintroduction, whilst others already occur in dense populations causing conflicts with other land use. Large herbivores are the major drivers for forming the shape and function of terrestrial ecosystems. This 2006 book addresses the scientifically based action plans to manage both the large herbivore populations and their habitats worldwide. It covers the processes by which large herbivores not only affect their environment (e.g. grazing) but are affected by it (e.g. nutrient cycling) and the management strategies required. Also discussed are new modeling techniques, which help assess integration processes in a landscape context, as well as assessing the consequences of new developments in the processes of conservation. This book will be essential reading for all involved in the management of both large herbivores and natural resources.
16 - Themes and future directions in herbivore‐ecosystem interactions and conservation
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- By Pastor John, University of Minnesota, Danell Kjell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Bergström Roger, Uppsala Science Park, Duncan Patrick, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé
- Edited by Kjell Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roger Bergström, The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Patrick Duncan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, John Pastor, University of Minnesota, Duluth
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- Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation
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- 16 November 2009
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- 25 May 2006, pp 468-478
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Summary
Some 50 years ago, Nature made the following observation on the issue of management of large game animals, mainly herbivores, in Africa: ‘The presence of enormous herds of game animals is quite incompatible with the economic exploitation of the country…the game must go and there can be no hope of its survival outside the National Parks…As yet, however, there is practically no information available on the biology of these mammals, information that is essential for successfully managing such parks and reserves.’ (reprinted in Nature, 431, 638, 7 October 2004). Twenty‐five years later, the first comprehensive analysis on the interaction of large herbivorous mammals and ecosystems was published (Sinclair & Norton‐Griffiths 1979). This seminal volume summarized over a decade of research by Sinclair, Norton‐Griffiths, Bell, McNaughton and their colleagues on the ecology of large mammals in the Serengeti, initiated partly in response to the situation developing in Africa that prompted Nature to make the earlier observation.
As the papers in the present volume show, current research on how large mammalian herbivores affect ecosystem properties and on the problems of their conservation extends far beyond Africa to every biome and on every continent except Antarctica. In the past 25 years since the publication of the Serengeti volume, new effects of herbivores, and new mechanisms of response of plants and ecosystems have been discovered. New mathematical theories of functional responses and herbivore‐ecosystem interactions have also been developed. The study of large mammal‐ecosystem interactions has come a long way in the past 50 years.
Contents
- Edited by Kjell Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roger Bergström, The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Patrick Duncan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, John Pastor, University of Minnesota, Duluth
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- Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation
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- 16 November 2009
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- 25 May 2006, pp v-xi
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Frontmatter
- Edited by Kjell Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roger Bergström, The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Patrick Duncan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, John Pastor, University of Minnesota, Duluth
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- Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation
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- 16 November 2009
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- 25 May 2006, pp i-iv
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Index
- Edited by Kjell Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roger Bergström, The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Patrick Duncan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, John Pastor, University of Minnesota, Duluth
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- Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation
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- 16 November 2009
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- 25 May 2006, pp 479-506
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Preface
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- By Kjell Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roger Bergström, Uppsala Science Park, Patrick Duncan, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, John Pastor, University of Minnesota
- Edited by Kjell Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roger Bergström, The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Patrick Duncan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, John Pastor, University of Minnesota, Duluth
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- Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation
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- 16 November 2009
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- 25 May 2006, pp xv-xvi
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Summary
Large herbivores are, and have for a long time been, among the major drivers for forming the shape and function of terrestrial ecosystems. These animals may modify primary production, nutrient cycles, soil properties, fire regimes as well as other biota. Some large herbivore species/populations are at the edge of extinction and great effort is being made to save them. Other species/populations are under discussion for reintroduction. Still other species occur in dense populations and cause conflicts with other land use interests. Overall, most large herbivores need some type of management and, according to our view, these operations should be scientifically based.
There is a great amount of scientific information on large herbivores in different regions of the world. We felt that there was an urgent need to bring this knowledge together and to make it available for a larger public outside the group of specialists. We also felt that synthesis of results from one region may be valuable for scientists working in other regions and with other species.
To initiate a first synthesis of the knowledge on large herbivores we held a workshop on ‘The impact of large mammalian herbivores on biodiversity, ecosystem structure and function’ 22–26 May 2002 at Kronlund outside Umeå in northern Sweden. The event brought together scientists from different disciplines and with experience of large herbivore research in different biomes. During the workshop the idea of a book was developed over time and some more specialists were invited to the synthesis.
Introduction
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- By Patrick Duncan, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, Kjell Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roger Bergstrom, Uppsala Science Park, John Pastor, University of Minnesota
- Edited by Kjell Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roger Bergström, The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Patrick Duncan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, John Pastor, University of Minnesota, Duluth
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- Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation
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- 16 November 2009
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- 25 May 2006, pp 1-18
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Biodiversity and productivity vary strongly among ecosystems: understanding the causes of these variations is a primary objective of ecology. To date a few overarching principles have been established. One is the species‐area relationship: the species diversity of a system depends principally on its area, and some major mechanisms underlying this principle have been identified (Rosenzweig 1995). The structure and dynamics of plant communities also affect biodiversity profoundly. Edaphic conditions set the bounds for plant communities, and fire can be a key determinant of their structure and diversity. In addition, at least in some ecosystems, large herbivores are ‘keystone’ species, so the systems have very different structures according to whether large herbivores are present or absent. There is also some evidence that large herbivores affect plant productivity, from modelling (de Mazancourt et al. 1998) as well as empirical work (McNaughton 1985).
Understanding the role of large herbivores is therefore important for ecology, and also because the abundance of these animals can have profound effects on the conservation status of other species, through their impact on plant communities. However, the literature on these questions is rather difficult to access especially for people who are not academic ecologists. Reviewing the impact of large herbivores on ecosystems was identified as a priority in the Action Plan for the Large Herbivore Initiative for Europe and Central Asia (see http://www.largeherbivore.org). In some areas the ungulate populations are ‘overabundant’ and have serious negative impacts on forestry, agriculture and biodiversity.
10 - The roles of large herbivores in ecosystem nutrient cycles
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- By John Pastor, University of Minnesota, Yosef Cohen, University of Minnesota, N. Thompson Hobbs, Colorado State University
- Edited by Kjell Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roger Bergström, The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Patrick Duncan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, John Pastor, University of Minnesota, Duluth
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- Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation
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- 16 November 2009
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- 25 May 2006, pp 289-325
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
The question of how herbivores control various ecosystem processes has had a long history in modern ecology. In a now much‐cited paper, Hairston et al. (1960) proposed that in the absence of predators, herbivore populations increase to the limit set by their food supply and thus control net or actual productivity and energy flow. With the addition of predators, herbivore populations become controlled from above; plant productivity is then released from direct control by herbivores and instead is limited by abiotic processes such as climate. These ideas have been developed further by Oksanen and colleagues (Oksanen et al. 1981, Oksanen 1983, 1988). In order to simplify the concepts and models, these studies have ignored the way that the cycling of nutrients between decomposers and higher trophic levels limits net primary productivity in most ecosystems, and the many mechanisms by which herbivores alter nutrient flows through decomposers and soils.
Early recognition of the roles of herbivores in regulating nutrient cycles focused on phytophagous insects (Mattson & Addy 1975) or phytoplanktivorous zooplankton (Kitchell et al. 1979). Perhaps this was because of their ubiquity, rapid population growth rates, high turnover rates and because (at least in the case of zooplankton) they consume most of the primary production (Macfadyen 1964). With the exception of large herds in grasslands (Sinclair & Norton‐Griffiths 1979) and microtine populations in tundra (Schultz 1964), the possibility that mammals could also regulate nutrient cycles was generally ignored for quite some time.
Interaction between OB stars and the interstellar medium
- Monica Relaño Pastor, John E. Beckman, Maite Rozas
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- Symposium - International Astronomical Union / Volume 212 / 2003
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- 26 May 2016, pp. 738-739
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- 2003
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From the emission line map in Hα over the full face of the spiral galaxy NGC 3359, we analyze the internal velocity structure of the H ii region population. The emission line profiles show central peaks, with turbulent velocity widths of ≤20 km s–1, and also broad shallow wings, with typical velocities of ~50 km s–1, with respect to the rest velocity of the H ii region. We verify the identification of these wings as due to expanding gas, quantify the energy involved, and suggest physical models for their interpretation, as the effects of mechanical and radiative outflows from the central OB stellar cluster.
8 - The southern boreal–northern hardwood forest border
- Edited by Herman H. Shugart, University of Virginia, Rik Leemans, Gordon B. Bonan, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Book:
- A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest
- Published online:
- 12 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 05 March 1992, pp 216-240
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Summary
Introduction
In this chapter we will examine the nature of the southern boreal forest, explicitly its transition with the cool temperate deciduous forest that occurs to its south. Although this mixed deciduous and conifer forest occurs on portions of several continents in the northern hemisphere, it is most intact and most studied in North America as the northern hardwood and conifer biome (Braun 1950; Curtis 1959). Therefore, although we will describe this zone in other regions, we will concentrate on the North American expression of it. For convenience, we will also adopt the shortened common name ‘northern hardwoods’ for the cool temperate and largely deciduous forest to the south while recognizing that certain conifers are also important components of this forest.
The southern boreal forest contains extreme contrasts in ecosystem properties corresponding to the locations of different species within a mosaic landscape. These properties are accentuated at its boundary with the northern hardwoods and conifers, which are transitional to the deciduous forests to the south. Within these two biomes, each genus, and in some cases different species within each genus, affects ecosystem properties in different ways. Such properties include nutrient cycling and productivity, disturbance type and frequency, and suitability as an animal habitat. Consequently, there are strong feedbacks between succession, species dominance, resource limitation, disturbance regimes, and trophic structure (Fig. 8.1). These feedbacks may be stabilizing or destabilizing, the latter often causing cycles at various times and in various places.